Application Notes

Two-photon Quantum Interference and Entanglement at 2.1 μm

Shashi Prabhakar, Taylor Shields, Adetunmise C. Dada, Mehdi Ebrahim1, Gregor G. Taylor, Dmitry Morozov1, Kleanthis Erotokritou, Shigehito Miki2, Masahiro Yabuno, Hirotaka Terai, Corin Gawith, Michael Kues, Lucia Caspani, Robert H. Hadfield and Matteo

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The Future of Energy

ITER, the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, is a collaborativeglobal engineering megaproject focused on fusion research and the development of the worlds largest experimental tokamak by 2025. A tokamak reactorconfines and controls the

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Lasers for Quantum Technology

Already many organisations rely on atomic clocks for their most accurate measurements of time and there is a large scale movement to take quantum gravimeters out of the lab and into the field in order to monitor ice sheets and magma flow in volcanoes. The possible applications are widespread. The industrial cost for oil exploration companies to find one leak within thousands of miles of pipe runni

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Lasers for Semiconductor Inspection, Metrology, Optical Manipulation

1. Lasers for Semiconductor Inspectionand Metrology As the complexity on the wafer surfaces grows, it is essential that these fabricated devices are monitored for optimisation and quality control, both during and after processing. Critical parameters

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Lasers for Holography and Imaging

Rather than an image as recorded by standard photography, a holographic image is a record of the difference in phase and amplitude intensities of the two light paths as they arrive at the recording media. The resulting interference image is meaningles

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Lasers for Raman Spectroscopy and Microscopy

When a laser is incident on a sample, most of the photons will be scattered elastically and will not be subject to any energy change, known as Rayleigh Scattering. Raman scattering events are significantly more infrequent, only around 1 in a million

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Optical Isolator

An optical isolator, or optical diode, is an optical component which allows the transmission of light in only one direction. It is typically used to prevent unwanted feedback into an optical oscillator, such as a laser cavity. The operation of the dev

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Fiber Laser Basics

A fiber laser (or fibre lase) is a laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare-earth elements such as erbium, ytterbium, neodymium, dysprosium, praseodymium, thulium and holmium. They are related to doped fiber amplifiers, which provide light amplification without lasing. A fiber laser with MOPA configuration is shown as follows: Pump laser diode: Fiber-coupled diodes

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Choosing the Right Galvanometer and Servo for the Job

Galvanometer-based optical scanners are the preferred positioning solution for an increasingly broad range of industrial, scientific, imaging, and medical laser applications. While a number of scanning approaches are available, galvanometer-based scanners commonly called galvos offer flexibility, speed and accuracy at an attractive cost. While many imaging applications take advantage of the galvos

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Optimizing Laser Glass Cutting with Diffractive Beam Shaping

Laser glass cutting with ultra-short IR pulses is lately growing to become a key technique for the high throughput glass processing. Cutting thick glasses (500um) using this technique possess unique challenges, as the laser energy needs to be both foc

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Spectral Fiber Sensors for Cancer Diagnostics

Cancer is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality across the globe. Hence, attempts are focused on the early-stage detection of cancer, and optical spectroscopy has been largely used for early diagnosis of cancer. Fluorescence or molecular

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Applications of Ultrafast Lasers & OPOs

Applications: Lasers for life sciences There is a need to conduct advanced laser imaging as part of the private and publically funded research into diseases such as cancer, Alzheimers and Parkinsons which are prevalent due to the aging population

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Electro-optic Effect

An electro-optic effect is a change in the optical properties of a material in response to an electric field that varies slowly compared with the frequency of light. The term encompasses a number of distinct phenomena

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Laser Engraving

Laser engraving, which is a subset of laser marking is the practice of using lasers to engrave an object. Laser marking, on the other hand, is a broader category of methods to leave marks on an object, which also includes color change due to chemical/

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How to Select An Electro-optic Q-switch (Pockels Cell)

1. How to Select an EO Q-switch to Meet Your Switching Frequency Requirement The simple answer is that the IMPACT Pockels cells are recommended for operation at a maximum of 1-2kHz. This is not to say they will completely fail to operate at 5kHz. The

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Laser-induced Damage in Fibers

Micropositioning, of the input beam must be started from low level of laser beam energy and be carried out very carefully. Sometimes the damage occurs in the place of a hidden defect (alien particle, excessive bending, or some other defect of structur

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Basics of Beam Expander

The laser beam enter a beam expander after the laser beam is generated in the laser resonator. The most common type of beam expander is derived from the Galilean telescope which usually has one negative input lens and one positive output lens. The inp

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First Pulsing Control of AO Q-switch Drivers

When Q-Switching lasers at high repetition rates, it is normal to observe a giant first pulse after a pause in operation. For many applications this excess energy must be dissipated before or during the next modulation cycle. For example, in lasermarkers, when the time taken for the scan

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Basics of F-theta Lenses

General information Lenses used in combination with XY galvanometer scanners are called -theta lenses, plane field objectives or simply scan lenses. -theta lenses are used in various applications from industrial material processing, drilling, welding

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Principle of Acousto-Optical Q-switch

The acousto-optical Q-switch often used in the laser marking makes use of mutual interaction between an ultrasonic wave and a light beam in a scattering medium. The light beam that enters in a direction forming a Bragg angle to the wave surface of the

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[Application] High Power 780nm for laser cooling and manipulation of Rb atoms

The manipulation of Rb atoms is commonly performed using diode-based laser systems typically producing several hundred mW of usable 780nm power. Many atom optics applications however favour higher laser power whilst maintaining a narrow linewidth and

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[Application] Medical Device Manufacturing with FCPA

Lasers are often integral to the production of components for a range of application areas, including medical device manufacturing. These parts are then integrated in numerous products that vary from complex surgical instrumentation to simple single-use products that are used at the time of need by caregivers in hospital settings or out in communities. Designers and manufacturers of medical device

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[Application] DOEs for Beam Shaping

A diffractive optical element (DOE) uses thin micro-structure patterns to alter the phase of the light that is propagated through it. Those micro-structures, once properly designed, can manipulate the light to almost any desired intensity profile or s

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[Application] Ultrafast Laser on Metal and Glass Welding

Breakthrough process welds metal and glass together using ultrafast lasers Traditionally, welding has been limited to materials that share similar properties, so its tough to make even aluminum and steel join forces. But now, scientists from Heriot-Wa

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